تغییرات مکانی شوری آب‌زیرزمینی و ارزیابی خطر نفوذ آب شور در آبخوان دشت ملکان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری هیدروژئولوژی/ دانشکده علوم طبیعی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

2 استاد/ هیدروژئولوژی، دانشکده علوم طبیعی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

3 استاد /هیدروژئولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

چکیده

حفاظت کیفی منابع آب‌های زیرزمینی به عنوان یکی از با ارزش‌ترین منابع ملی امری حیاتی می‌باشد. یکی از راه‌های مناسب برای جلوگیری از آلودگی آب های زیرزمینی، بررسی تغییرات مکانی کیفیت آب های زیرزمینی و شناسایی مناطق آسیب‌پذیر آبخوان است. تغییرات مکانی شوری آب زیرزمینی دشت ملکان، با معرفی شاخص کیفی نفوذ آب شور (GWQISI)، با تلفیق 5 معیار TDS وCl−/sum Anion و Cl−/(HCO3− + CO32-) و Na+/(Na+ + Cl−) وCa2+/(HCO3− + SO42-) ، بررسی شده‌است. همچنین در این پژوهش آسیب‌پذیری آبخوان ساحلی دشت ملکان، با معرفی مدل تصمیم گیری جدید چند معیاره (IDLRT) مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته است. مدل IDLRT نیز بر اساس 5 پارامتر، میزان بزرگی و گستردگی آب شور نفوذ کرده (I)، فاصله از ساحل(D)، ارتفاع سطح آب‌های زیرزمینی بالاتر از میانگین سطح دریا (L)، تغذیه (R) و ضخامت آبخوان (T) حاصل شده‌است. نتایج تحلیل حساسیت مدل به دو روش تک پارامتری و حذف پارامتر، نشان می‌دهد، پارامتر میزان تغذیه بیشترین تأثیر را بر شاخص آسیب پذیری دارد. براساس نتایج حاصل از مدل IDLRT، در حدود 15/22، 45/49 و 4/28 درصد از آبخوان به ترتیب دارای آسیب‌پذیری بسیار کم، کم و متوسط می‌باشد. نقشه پهنه بندی شوری دشت بر اساس شاخص GWQISI گویای این است که حدود 75/1، 25/4 و 4/62 کیلومتر مربع از سفره آب زیرزمینی مورد مطالعه بترتیب تحت تاثیر شوری شدید، بالا و متوسط می‌باشد. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که در حال حاضر بخش شمالی و شمال غربی دشت تحت نفوذ آب شور قرار دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Spatial Variation of Groundwater Salinity and Risk Assessment of Saltwater Intrusion in Malekan Aquifer

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farahnaz Azizi 1
  • Asghar Asghari Moghaddam 2
  • Amirhossein Nazemi 3
1 Ph.D. Student in Hydrogeology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
2 Professor in Hydrogeology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
3 Professor in Groundwater, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

As the most valuable natural resources, protection and management of groundwater is vital. One of the best ways to protect groundwater resources is identifying the aquifer vulnerable areas and monitoring groundwater quality spatial variations. The spatial variation of the groundwater salinity, has been evaluated in Malekan aquifer, introducing a new method, named GWQISI which has been digitally integrated of TDS, Cl-/sum Anion, Cl-/ (HCO3- + CO32-), Na+/ (Na+ + Cl-) and Ca2+/ (HCO3- + SO42-) ratios. Also, this paper presents the vulnerability mapping of the coastal aquifer system using new multi-criteria decision model as IDLRT. Five thematic layers have been created to adopt the most indicative criteria for investigating the groundwater degradation trends from saltwater intrusion. One of these layers showed the magnitude of existing status of saltwater intrusion. The other chosen layers are Recharge (R), Level of groundwater above the mean sea level (L), Distance from the shore (D) and the aquifer saturated Thickness (T). The results of sensitivity analysis, using both the map removal and single parameter methods, indicate that the Recharge (R) has the most significant impact on the vulnerability index. The groundwater vulnerability map indicates Based on the IDLRT results, about 22.15, 49.45 and 28.4 % of Malekan aquifer have very low, low and moderate vulnerability, respectively. Based on the GWQISI results, about 1.75, 4.25 and 62.4 km2 of Malekan aquifer are extermly, highly and moderately influenced by salinity, respectively. The results reveal that the northwest part is the most affected zone by salinity.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Groundwater
  • Salinity
  • Spatial Variations
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