بهینه‌سازی برداشت انتخابی در مخازن با هدف بهبود کیفیت آب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد/ مهندسی و مدیریت منابع آب، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، آب و محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار/ دانشکده مهندسی عمران، آب و محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

در این مطالعه، روشی توسعه داده شده است که با استفاده از برداشت انتخابی و رهاسازی آب از زیرلایه مخزن، به بهبود شرایط کیفی مخزن و کیفیت آب پایین‌دست کمک می‌نماید. در تحقیق حاضر، شبیه‌سازی فرآیندهای کیفی در مخزن، با استفاده از مدل شبیه‌سازی دو بعدی CE-QUAL-W2 انجام می‌گیرد. سپس این مدل با یک الگوریتم بهینه‌سازی ترکیب شده است. این رویکرد متداول شبیه‌سازی – بهینه‌سازی قادر به تحقق سیاست‌های بهره برداری بهینه، برای کنترل کیفیت آب در مخزن و پایین‌دست آن است. الگوریتم دسته ذرات به‌عنوان الگوریتم بهینه‌سازی بکار برده می‌شود. جهت کاهش زمان محاسبات، از یک مدل داده‌مبنا شبکه‌عصبی‌مصنوعی به‌عنوان جایگزین مدل شبیه‌سازی استفاده می‌شود. عملکرد روش توسعه یافته برای یک مورد واقعی برای یک دوره شبیه‌سازی 2 ساله ارزیابی شده است. سناریوهای مختلف قابل قبول برای بهره‌برداری از مخزن در نظر گرفته شده و با استفاده از مدل شبیه‌سازی (مدل جایگزین) غلظت آلاینده شاخص محاسبه می‌شود و درنهایت سیاست بهره‌برداری بهینه از مخزن تعیین می‌شود. نتایج حاصل نشان می‌دهد بطور میانگین مقدار اکسیژن محلول خروجی از مخزن به ازای سیاست بهره‌برداری بهینه نسبت به وضعیت موجود بهره‌برداری، حدود 25 درصد بهبود یافته است. وضعیت تغذیه‌گرایی مخزن نیز نسبت به وضع فعلی که در بعضی از ماه‌ها مانند تیرماه در وضعیت تغذیه‌گرایی شدید قرار دارد، بهبود یافته و در بیشتر ماه‌های سال در وضعیت تغذیه‌گرایی متوسط و کم قرار می‌گیرد. مقایسه غلظت اکسیژن محلول خروجی از مخزن در سیاست بهینه بهره‌برداری با وضعیت بهره‌برداری موجود، کارایی بالای روش در بهبود کیفیت آب خروجی از مخزن را نشان می‌دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Optimization of Selective Withdrawal in Reservoirs to Improve Water Quality

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali reza Yahyaee 1
  • Ali Moridi 2
  • Saeed Mousavi Nadoushani 2
1 M.Sc. Graduate of Water Recourses Engineering, Department of Water Resources, Faculty of Civil, Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Civil, Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran
چکیده [English]

In this study, a method has been developed to improve reservoir water through selective withdrawal and release of contaminated water from the lower level of the dam. A two-dimensional model called CE-QUAL-W2 was used to simulate the reservoir quality processes. Then this model is coupled with an optimization algorithm (particle swarm optimization). The proposed simulation-optimization approach is able to find optimal operation policies to improve water quality in the reservoir and downstream river. In order to increase the efficiency and reduce the computational time, an artificial neural network model replaced with the reservoir water quality simulation model. The performance of the model is evaluated for a real case for a 2-year simulation period. Different scenarios of reservoir operation are considered and using the simulation model (meta model), the pollutant concentration of the index is calculated and ultimately optimal operation policy of the reservoir is determined. The results show that the average amount of dissolved oxygen in the released from the reservoir for optimal operation policy is about 25% better than the current operating conditions. So that the eutrophication status of the reservoir is improved in relation to the existing condition, which in some months like June is in high eutrophication state, it has been improved in most months of the year to low eutrophication state. The comparison between dissolved oxygen concentrations of reservoir outflow in optimum operation policy with the existing operational conditions showed high efficiency of the proposed method and significant improvement in reservoir water quality.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Reservoir Water Quality Management
  • Eutrophication
  • Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
  • Selective Withdrawal
  • CE-QUAL-W2
Afshar A, Saadatpour M (2009) Reservoir eutrophication modeling, sensitivity, analysis and assessment:application to Karkheh reservoir, Iran. Environmental Engineering Science 26(7):1227-1238
Ahmad A, El-Shafie A, Mohd Razali SF, and Mohamad ZS (2014) Reservoir optimization in water resources: A review. Water Resources Management 28(11):3391-3405
Taheriyoun M, Karamouz M, and Baghvand A (2011) Development of a phosphorous management model for a reservoir using system dynamic simulation approach. Iran-Water Resources Research 7(3):13-26 (In Persian)  
Araghinejad S (2014) Data-driven modeling: Using MATLAB® in water resources and environmental engineering. Available at: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-94-007-7506-0
Castelletti A, Yajima H, Giuliani M, Soncini-Sessa R, and Weber E (2014) Planning the optimal operation of a multioutlet water reservoir with water quality and quantity targets. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 140(4):496-510, Available at: http://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/%28ASCE%29WR.1943-5452.0000348
Chaves P and Kojiri T (2007) Deriving reservoir operational strategies considering water quantity and quality objectives by stochastic fuzzy neural networks. Advances in Water Resources 30(5):1329-1341
Chaves P, Tsukatani T, and Kojiri T (2004) Operation of storage reservoir for water quality by using optimization and artificial intelligence techniques. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation 67(4-5):419-432
Cole T and Wells SA (2015) CE-QUAL-W2: A two-dimensional, laterally averaged, hydrodynamic and water quality model, Version 3.75. User Manual. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Portland State Univeristy Portland, OR (March)
Deus R, Brito D, Mateus M, Kenov I, Fornaro A, Neves R, and Alves CN (2013) Impact evaluation of a pisciculture in the Tucuruí reservoir (Pará, Brazil) using a two-dimensional water quality model. Journal of Hydrology 487:1-12, Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.01.022
Dhar A, Datta B (2008) Optimal operation of reservoirs for downstream water quality control using linked simulation optimization. Hydrological Processes 22(6):842-853
 
Eberhart R, Kennedy J (1995) Particle swarm optimization. Proceeding of IEEE International Conference on Neural Network Perth Australia 1942-1948
Fayaed SS, El-Shafie A, and Jaafar O (2013) Reservoir-system simulation and optimization techniques. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment 27(7):1751-1772
Fontana L, Albuquerque ALS, Brenner M, Bonotto DM, Sabaris TPP, Pires MAF, Cotrim MEB, and Bicudo DC (2014) The eutrophication history of a tropical water supply reservoir in Brazil. Journal of Paleolimnology 51(1):29-43
Gelda RK and Effler SW (2007) Simulation of operations and water quality performance of reservoir multilevel intake configurations. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management-Asce 133(1):78-86
Giuliani M, Castelletti A, Galelli S, Soncini-Sessa R and Weber E (2013) Many-objective operation of selective withdrawal reservoirs including water quality targets. World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2013: Showcasing the Future- Proceedings of the 2013 Congress 1581-1590
Javaheri S and Saadatpour M (2017) Deriving hydropower reservoir operation rules in selective withdrawal framework considering quality and quantity objectives; simulation-optimization approach based on meta-modelling. Iran-Water Resources Research 13(3):128-142 (In Persian)
Karadžić V, Subakov-Simić G, Krizmanić J, and Natić D (2010) Phytoplankton and eutrophication development in the water supply reservoirs Garaši and Bukulja (Serbia). Desalination 255(1-3):91-96
Karmakar S, Haque SMS, Hossain MM, and Shafiq M (2011) Water quality of Kaptai reservoir in Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. Journal of Forestry Research 22(1):87-92
Kerachian R and Karamouz M (2006) Optimal reservoir operation considering the water quality issues: A stochastic conflict resolution approach. Water Resources Research 42(12)
Kerachian R and Karamouz M (2007) A stochastic conflict resolution model for water quality management in reservoir-river systems. Advances in Water Resources 30(4):866-882
Kuo JT, Lung WS, Yang CP, Liu WC, Yang M Der, and Tang TS (2006) Eutrophication modelling of reservoirs in Taiwan. Environmental Modelling and Software 21(6):829-844
Moridi A (2018) Dealing with reservoir eutrophication in a trans-boundary river. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology Springer Berlin Heidelberg (2008), Available at: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13762-018-1775-y
Moridi A and Yazdi J (2017) Sediment flushing of reservoirs under environmental considerations. Water Resources Management 31(6):1899-1914
Ndiritu JG (2003) Reservoir system optimisation using a penalty approach and a multi-population genetic algorithm. Water SA 29(3):273-280
Olías M, Nieto JM, Sarmiento AM, Cánovas CR, and Galván L (2010) Water quality in the future alcolea reservoir (Odiel River, SW Spain): A clear example of the inappropriate management of water resources in Spain. Water Resources Management 25(1):201-215
Rangel-Peraza JG, De Anda J, Gonzalez-Farias FA, and Rode M (2016) Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis on water quality modelling of Aguamilpa reservoir. Journal of Limnology 75:81-92
Rani D and Moreira MM (2010) Simulation-optimization modeling: A survey and potential application in reservoir systems operation. Water Resources Management 24(6):1107-1138
Saadatpour M, Afshar A, and Edinger JE (2017) Meta-model assisted 2D hydrodynamic and thermal simulation model (CE-QUAL-W2) in deriving optimal reservoir operational strategy in selective withdrawal scheme. Water Resources Management 31(9):2729-2744
Saadatpour M and Heravi A (2016) Study of environmental performance criteria in Karkheh reservoir with enhanced model of CE-QUAL-W2 (V3.72). Iran-Water Resources Research 12(3):50-64 (In Persian)
Sadeghian A, de Boer D, Hudson JJ, Wheater H, and Lindenschmidt KE (2015) Lake diefenbaker temperature model. Journal of Great Lakes Research, International Association for Great Lakes Research 41:8-21, Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2015.10.002
Soleimani S, Bozorg-Haddad O, Saadatpour M, and Loáiciga HA (2016) Optimal selective withdrawal rules using a coupled data mining model and genetic algorithm. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 142(12):1-9
Wang L, Liu L, and Zheng B (2013) Eutrophication development and its key regulating factors in a water-supply reservoir in North China. Journal of Environmental Sciences (China), The Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 25(5):962-970, Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(12)60120-X
Xu MJ, Yu L, Zhao YW, and Li M (2012) The simulation of shallow reservoir eutrophication based on MIKE21: A case study of douhe reservoir in north China. Procedia Environmental Sciences 13(2011):1975-1988, Available at: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1878029612001922