اثر پذیرش الگوی کم‌آبیاری در سطح مزارع دشت اردلان با تأکید بر مدیریت پایدار منابع آب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دکتری اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

استفاده صحیح از روش کم­‌آبیاری نیاز به درک کاملی از پاسخ عملکرد به آب (حساسیت محصول به تنش خشکی) و تأثیر اقتصادی کاهش در عملکرد محصول دارد. در مناطقی که منابع آب محدود هستند، این روش می­‌تواند برای کشاورزان جهت حداکثرسازی بهره­‌وری آب کشاورزی به جای حداکثرسازی برداشت محصول در هر واحد زمین سودمند باشد. بدین منظور، در مطالعه حاضر اثر پذیرش راهبرد کم‌آبیاری در سطح مزارع دشت اردلان با تأکید بر مدیریت پایدار منابع آب ارزیابی شد. این کار با بهره‌­گیری از مدل برنامه‌­ریزی ریاضی اثباتی در سطح تجمیعی- فضایی (SI-PMP) و داده‌­های پرسشنامه‌­ای مربوط به سال زراعی 1399-1398 انجام شد. پس از واسنجی سیستم مدل­سازی پیشنهادی در محیط نرم­افزاری GAMS، اثرات کم‌­آبیاری به روش کلارک در سطوح 5 و 10 درصد بر الگوی بهینه کشت، منابع آب مصرفی و بازده ناخالص کشاورزان ارزیابی شد. نتایج حاکی از آن است که تفاوت فاحشی بین آب­‌بهای پرداختی کشاورزان (547 ریال) و ارزش اقتصادی آب آبیاری (1348 ریال) در دشت اردلان وجود دارد و این امر منجر به رایگان تلقی شدن نهاده آب و استفاده بی‌رویه آن در سطح اراضی زراعی شده است. همچنین، اعمال روش کم‌­آبیاری علی‌­رغم ایجاد کاهش در عملکرد محصولات منتخب (از 0/88 تا 5/72 درصد) و بازده ناخالص کشاورزان (از 3/15 تا 7/07 درصد)، منجر به صرفه‌­جویی 5/01 تا 9/78 درصد در مصرف آب آبیاری می­‌شود. کشش­‌پذیری بیشتر تقاضای نهاده آب در سطح مزرعه کوچک (573/0=ewater) و افزایش ارزش اقتصادی آب آبیاری به میزان 3/09 تا 8/21 درصد نسبت به شرایط سال پایه از دیگر پیامدهای اعمال کم‌­آبیاری در الگوهای مزارع نماینده است. در پایان، به‌کارگیری روش کم‌­­آبیاری در سطوح پایین (5 و 10 درصد) به‌­ویژه در سطح مزارع بزرگ، اعمال برنامه سیاستی ملاحظه برابری (در راستای کاهش شکاف قیمتی یا ارزشی آب‌­بها و ارزش اقتصادی آب)، اصلاح نظام قیمت‌گذاری و تفکیک‌­سازی قیمت آب برای بهره‌برداران کوچک، متوسط و بزرگ جهت مدیریت پایدار منابع آب در دشت اردلان توصیه می‌­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Adoption of Deficit Irrigation Pattern in Farm Level in Ardalan Plain with Emphasis on Water Resources Management

نویسنده [English]

  • abozar parhizkari
Ph.D. in Agricultural Economics, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The correct application of deficit irrigation requires thorough understanding of the yield response to water (crop sensitivity to drought stress) and the economic impact of reductions in yield of products. In regions where water resources are restrictive, it can be more profitable for farmers to maximize crop water productivity instead of maximizing the harvest per unit land. Therefore, in the present study the effect of adoption of Clarke's deficit irrigation was evaluated in farms-level in Ardalan plain with emphasis on water resources management. This case were applied using a spatial-aggregation positive mathematical programming (SA-PMP) model and the questionnaire data related to year 2019-2020. After calibration of proposed modeling system in GAMS software, the effects of Clarke deficit irrigation in 5 and 10 percent levels on optimum cropping pattern, consumable water resources and farmers' gross margin were evaluated. The results showed that there is a significant difference between farmers' paid water charges (547 Rials) and economic value of irrigation water (1348 Rials) in Ardalan plain which leads farmers to consider water as a free input and its over-consumption in crop lands. Also, applying the deficit irrigation method leads to a saving of 5.01 to 9.78 percent in irrigation water for only a slight decrease in yield of selected products (from 0.88 to 5.72 percent) and in farmers’ gross margin (from 3.15 to 7.07 percent). More stretchability of water demand in small farm (ewater= 0.573) and increasing the economic value of water from 3.9 to 8.9 percent compared to the base year condition are another consequence of application of deficit irrigation in representative farms pattern. Finally, for a sustainable management of water resources in Ardalan plain it is recommended to use deficit irrigation method at low levels (5 and 10 percent) especially in large farms, to apply the policy program of equality consideration (in order to reduce the gap between the water price and the economic value of water), to modify the pricing system to differentiate the price of water for small, medium and large farms.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Deficit Irrigation
  • Clarke's Pattern
  • Economic Value of Water
  • Spatial-Aggregation Modelling
  • Ardalan Plain
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