ارزیابی حکمرانی آب زیرزمینی در دشت‌‌های ممنوعه‌ی بحرانیِ استان چهارمحال و بختیاری با تأکید بر اصل اثربخشی OECD

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 پژوهشگر پسادکتری و مدرس دانشگاه، گروه جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه مازندران، ایران

2 استاد، گروه جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه مازندران، ایران.

چکیده

امروزه، دو مسأله عمده‌ی تهدیدکننده‌‌‌ آب‌های زیرزمینی، کاهش و تخریب آن است که هم بر کمّیت و هم کیفیت این منابع تأثیر می‌گذارد. چهارمحال و بختیاری از جمله مناطقی است که طی دهه‌‌های اخیر با کاهش شدید منابع آب زیرزمینی مواجه شده است؛ از همین رو، دشت‌های شهرکرد، بروجن، سفیددشت و خان‌میرزا به صورت هدفمند انتخاب شدند تا به کمک روش آمیخته، میزان اثربخشیِ حکمرانی آب زیرزمینی در این نواحی مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. داده‌های مورد نیازِ پژوهش به شیوه میدانی یعنی با انجام مشاهده مستقیم و مصاحبه با 30 نفر از خبرگانِ موضوع پیرامون اصل اثربخشیِ سازمان همکاری اقتصادی و توسعه OECD1، گردآوری شد. یافته‌ها نشان داد که برداشت سالانه 359/6 میلیون مترمکعب آب زیرزمینی و مصرف 87/7 درصد از آن در بخش کشاورزی، همراه با کاهش شدید منابع آب و کسریِ مخزن تجمعیِ آبخوان‌ها (406/4 میلیون مترمکعب تا سال 1398)، پیامدهایی چون فرونشست زمین (تا 8 سانتی‌متر قابل مشاهده) و لوله‌زایی چاه‌ها (تا رقم 40 سانتی‌متر) را در قلمرو پژوهش به دنبال داشته است. در همین راستا، بررسی شاخص‌ها و پارامترهای مؤثر بر حکمرانی آب زیرزمینی نشان می‌دهد که از دیدگاه خبرگان، متغیر «ظرفیت‌سازی» بیشترین اثربخشی و متغیرهای «انسجام سیاست‌ها، مدیریت حوضه‌ای و شفافیت و پاسخگویی» از کمترین اثربخشی برخوردارند؛ لذا، میزان اثربخشیِ حکمرانی آب زیرزمینی در قلمرو تحقیق، «کم و ضعیف» ارزیابی می‌شود به نحوی که پیوند این ضعف با بخشی‌نگری در امور موجب تعدد بهره‌برداران، مصرف بی‌رویه منابع آب زیرزمینی، کاهش ذخایر آبی و مهمتر از همه سبب ممنوعه‌ و بحرانی شدنِ دشت‌های مورد مطالعه شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessing the Groundwater Governance in Critical Forbidden Plains of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province (Emphasizing the effectiveness principle of OECD)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Taghipoor Javi 1
  • Faramarz Barimani 2
1 Postdoctoral Researcher and University Lecturer, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Mazandaran University, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Mazandaran University, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Today, two major threatening issues to groundwater are its reduction and its destruction, which affects both the quantity and quality of these resources. Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari is a region which have faced intensive decrease in groundwater resources in recent decades. In this study the Shahrekord, Boroujen, Sefiddasht and Khanmirza plains were purposefully selected in order to study the effectiveness of groundwater governance using a mixed method. The required data was collected by the field method, which was through direct observations and by interviewing 30 experts about the effectiveness principle of the OECD. Findings showed that annual extraction of 359.6m3 of groundwater 87.7 percent of which is used in the agricultural sector, along with the severe reduction of water resources and the deficit in the cumulative reservoir of the aquifers (406.4m3 until 2018), have resulted in consequences such as subsidence (up to 8 cm visible) and wells piping (up to 40 cm). In this regard, assessing the indicators and parameters affecting groundwater governance showed that from the view-point of experts the "capacity" was the most effective and the "policy coherence”, “appropriate scales within basin systems” and “clear roles and responsibilities" were the least effective. The effectiveness of groundwater governance in the study area is assessed as "low and weak" in such a way that the connection of this weakness with partiality in affairs have caused multiplicity of users, excessive consumption of groundwater resources, reduction of water reserves, and most importantly, prohibition and criticality of the plains.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Governance
  • Groundwater
  • Effectiveness
  • Critical Forbidden Plain
  • Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari
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