ارزیابی پایداری مدیریت منابع آب زیرزمینی در آبخوان‌های حوضه فلات مرکزی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشآموخته دکتری ژئومورفولوژی، گروه جغرافیای طبیعی دانشکده جغرافیای دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه جغرافیای طبیعی دانشکده جغرافیای دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

3 کارشناس ارشد هیدروژئومورفولوژی، گروه جغرافیای طبیعی دانشکده جغرافیای دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

در این پژوهش، وضعیت پایداری مدیریت منابع آب زیرزمینی تعداد 184 آبخوان موجود در حوضه فلات مرکزی ایران بر اساس چهار شاخص کمی که با توجه به داده­‌های در دسترس قابل پیاده­‌سازی باشند، مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته است. برای این منظور، از داده‌های مشاهداتی کمی و کیفی ماهانه منابع آب زیرزمینی، میانگین نرخ تغذیه آبخوان، دبی پمپاژی چاه­‌های بهره‌برداری، دبی ایستگاه‌های هیدرومتری و اطلاعات جمعیتی استفاده شد. شاخص‌های مورد استفاده در این تحقیق شامل ردپای یکپارچه آب زیرزمینی (بعد محیط زیستی)، تراکم جمعیت در سطح آبخوان (بعد اجتماعی)، درصد آب­ زیرزمینی مورد استفاده برای بخش­های کشاورزی و صنعتی (بعد اقتصادی) و تراکم چاه‌­های مشاهده‌­ای (بعد سازمانی) بودند که برای همه آبخوان­‌ها طی دوره­ 1379 تا 1395 محاسبه شدند. با توجه به مقادیر چهار شاخص محاسبه‌شده، رتبه‌­بندی آبخوان­‌ها توسط تکنیک PROMETHEE II  و مقایسه زوجی شاخص‌ها انجام شد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که مدیریت پایدار منابع آب­های زیرزمینی در فلات مرکزی ایران به ویژه نزدیک به کلان‌شهرها به دلیل تراکم جمعیت بالاتر، بهره‌­برداری کمتر از منابع آب‌های زیرزمینی برای بخش­ کشاورزی و صنعت، شبکه پایش ضعیف آب زیرزمینی، افت شدید سطح آب و کیفیت نامناسب آب زیرزمینی، نسبتاً ضعیف است. نتایج نشان داد که 14/1 درصد از آبخوان‌های مورد مطالعه با پایداری خوب و 32/6 درصد آن‌ها با پایداری ضعیف ارزیابی شدند. نتایج این پژوهش در راستای شناسایی و اولویت­‌بندی آبخوان‌­هایی که نیاز به اتخاذ سیاست‌های جدید و یا بازنگری آن‌ها برای دستیابی به پایداری در بهره‌­برداری از این منابع ارزشمند دارند، اهمیت دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessing the Sustainability of Groundwater Resource Management for Aquifers in Iran’s Central Plateau Basin

نویسندگان [English]

  • Esmaeel Parizi 1
  • Seiyed Mossa Hosseini 2
  • Amir-Reza Sadeghi 3
1 Ph.D. of Hydrogeomorphology, Physical Geography Department, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Physical Geography Department, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
3 M.Sc. of Geomorphology, Physical Geography Department, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In this research, the sustainability status of groundwater resources management has been assessed for 184 aquifers in the Central Plateau Basin of Iran based on four quantitative indicators which were implementable according to the available data. For this purpose, monthly quantity and quality observation data of groundwater resources, mean recharge rate, the pumping rate of exploitation wells, streamflow of hydrometric stations, and demographic information were used. The indicators used in this research included the integrated groundwater footprint (environmental dimension), population density at the aquifer level (social dimension), the percentage of groundwater used for agricultural and industrial sectors (economic dimension), and the density of observation wells (institutional dimension), which were calculated for all aquifers from 2000 to 2016. According to the calculated values of four indicators, aquifers were ranked by the PROMETHEE II technique and pairwise comparison of indicators. The results of this research showed that the sustainable management of groundwater resources in the Central Plateau of Iran, especially in the vicinity of the megacities, is relatively weak due to higher population density, less exploitation of groundwater resources for agriculture and industry, poor groundwater monitoring network, drastic groundwater level drop, and inappropriate quality of groundwater. The results indicated that 14.1% of the studied aquifers exhibited good sustainability, while 32.6% indicated poor sustainability. The results of this research are important to identify and prioritize the aquifers that need to adopt new or revised policies to achieve sustainability in the exploitation of these valuable resources.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Integrated Assessment Index
  • Sustainability of Water Resources
  • Central Plateau Aquifers
  • Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Technique
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