تحقیقات منابع آب ایران

تحقیقات منابع آب ایران

اندازه گیری آب مجازی و مقایسه بهره وری فنی با بهره وری بازاری آب مجازی در بخش کشاورزی مطالعه موردی محصولات آبی منتخب استان کردستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 استادیار گروه اقتصاد، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.
2 کارشناسی ارشد اقتصاد، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.
چکیده
در پژوهش حاضر آب مجازی محصولات زراعی و باغی شهرستان‌­های استان کردستان، مقدار آب مصرفی ویژه و کل، تراز تجارت آب مجازی و مقایسه بین بهره‎‌وری فنی و بازاری، 13 محصول منتخب و اصلی استان کردستان در سال 1396 تحلیل شده است. روش تحقیق توصیفی- علی است و از داده‌‎های کتابخانه‎‌ای منتشر شده توسط جهاد کشاورزی استان و نرم‎افزار NETWAT در محاسبه نیاز خالص آبیاری محصولات زراعی و باغی استفاده شده است. یافته‌­های پژوهش نشان می­‌دهد که یونجه کمترین بهره‌‎وری آبی و بیش­ترین میزان آب مجازی و گوجه فرنگی بیشترین بهره‌‎وری آبی و کم‌ترین میزان آب مجازی در محصولات زراعی را به خود اختصاص می­‌دهد. گردو و شلیل نیز در بین محصولات باغی کمترین و بیشترین بهره‌‎وری آبی (بیش­ترین و کم­ترین میزان آب مجازی) را دارا بوده اند. 67 درصد آب مجازی در محصولات منتخب اصلی آبی استان در بخش زراعت و 27 درصد هم در محصولات باغی استفاده شده است. استان کردستان صادرکننده آب مجازی در بخش کشاورزی است. حجم کل آب مجازی صادراتی ناشی از صادرات محصولات زراعی و باغی مورد مطالعه استان کردستان به ترتیب 480 (87 درصد) و 96 (17 درصد) میلیون متر مکعب است. محصولات زراعی کمترین ارزش بازاری برای آب مصرفی را به صورت ضمنی در بازار مبادله می‎‌کنند. در میان این محصولات یونجه به نسبت آب مصرفی ویژه‌‎ای که دارد کمترین رد قیمتی از آب را با خود مبادله کرده است. از میان محصولات زراعی و باغی سیب­ زمینی و شلیل دارای بیش­ترین میزان بهره­‌وری بازاری محصول است. نتایج نشان داد که محصولات باغی به طور متوسط 7 برابر عایدی بازاری آب مجازی نسبت به محصولات زراعی دارند. الگوی همبستگی بین قیمت و مقدار آب مصرفی هر محصول نشان داد محصولات با آب مجازی بیشتر در بازار قیمت و ارزش بازاری کمتری داشته‎اند. هم جهت نبودن بهره‌‎وری بازاری آب مصرفی و مقدار مصرف آب مجازی نشان می‌‎دهد که ساختار نظام تولید و الگوی کشت متناسب با وزن و اندازه آب مصرفی محصولات نبوده و حتی به شکل معکوس است.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Measurement of Virtual Water and Comparison of Virtual Water Technical Efficiency with Market Efficiency in Agricultural Sector, a Case Study of Selected Irrigated Agricultural Products in Kurdistan Province

نویسندگان English

Mostafa Din Mohammadi 1
Roya Abbasi 2
1 Assistant Professor of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
2 Master of Economics, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
چکیده English

agricultural crops in the province of Kurdistan has been evaluated and analyzed in the year 2107. The research method is descriptive-causal, and the library data published by Jiahad Agriculture of Kurdistan province and NETWAT software were used to calculate the net irrigation needs of agricultural and horticultural crops. Alfalfa had the lowest and tomatoe had the highest water productivity among crops. Walnuts and nectarines also had the lowest and highest water productivity among garden products. 67% of virtual water has been used in the main selected irrigated agricultural products of the province and 27% in horticultural products. Kurdistan Province is the exporter of virtual water in the agricultural sector. The total volume of Kurdistan exported virtual water resulting from the export of studied agricultural and horticultural products is 480 (87%) and 96 (17%) million cubic meters, respectively. Crops implicitly exchange the lowest market value for water consumption. Among these products, alfalfa has exchanged the lowest price range of water due to its special water consumption. Among crops and horticulture, potatoes and nectarines had the highest market productivity. The results showed that horticultural products have on average 9 times the market revenue of virtual water compared to agricultural products. Analysis of the corrlation between the two variables of technical water efficiency and market value of virtual water consumed at the selected products in the province showed that their relationship is negative at 95% confidence level. In other words, products with more virtual water had lower prices and market value in the market. Both the lack of market value per water consumption and the amount of virtual water consumption show that the structure of the production system and the cultivation pattern are not proportionate, and even inversely proportional, with the weight and size of water consumption of products.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Agriculture
Kurdistan Province
Virtual Water
Water Productivity
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  • تاریخ دریافت 17 فروردین 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری 21 مرداد 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش 30 مرداد 1402