نمونه‏ برداری و بررسی متغیرهای کیفیت آب رودخانه ارس در پایین دست و بالادست سد ارس

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

2 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

3 کارشناس دفتر رودخانههای مرزی، شرکت مدیرت منابع آب ایران، تهران، ایران

4 کارشناس دفتر رودخانههای مرزی، شرکت مدیرت منابع آب ایران، تهران، ایران.

5 دانشیار، گروه آموزشی مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

6 استاد، مرکز تحقیقات سلامت و محیط زیست، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

چکیده

ماحصل ورود انواع ترکیبات شیمیایی معدنی و آلی به مخازن سدها، افت کیفیت آب و مشکلات بعدی ناشی از آن است. در چنین شرایطی توجه به پایش کیفی و حفاظت از منابع آب سطحی از اصول توسعه پایدار منابع آب هر کشور است. هدف مطالعه حاضر ارزیابی تغییرات کیفی آب سد ارس در دو ایستگاه ورودی و خروجی به مخزن سد طی دوره مطالعاتی سال آبی 1400 و 1401 است. در این مطالعه طی هشت مرحله 16 نمونه آب از ورودی و خروجی برداشت شد و پارامترهای کیفی آب مورد واکاوی قرار گرفت. نتایج حاکی از آن است که سد ارس به عنوان یک واحد ته­‌نشینی عمل می‌­کند. طبق نتایج بیشترین مقدار مجموع کلیفرم، BOD5، نیترات و فلزات سنگین از جمله سرب، آرسنیک و کادمیوم به ترتیب معادل (MPN/100ml) 0/01، 0/03، 0/008، 9، 18000 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر و متوسط میزان EC در ورودی و خروجی سد به ترتیب معادل 1279/3 و 1396/4 میکروزیمنس بر سانتی­متر بود. افزایش EC می‎تواند ناشی از تأثیر تبخیر و نیز ورود جریان­های آلوده کننده باشد. به منظور ارزیابی تمایل آب به رسوب­‌گذاری یا خوردگى از شاخص­های LSI و RSI استفاده شد. طبق نتایج به دست آمده مشخص شد که رسوب­‌گذاری پدیده غالب در این سد است. در نهایت از شاخص IRWQISC برای تعیین وضعیت کیفیت آب سد ارس استفاده شد که طبق شاخص مذکور وضعیت کیفیت آب این سد در طبقه متوسط تا نسبتاً بد قرار دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Sampling and Evaluating the Water Quality Variables in Aras River Downstream and Upstream of Aras Dam

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Taghi Sattari 1
  • Mohammad Babaei 2
  • Hooshang Gholami 3
  • Mohammad Pirhayati 4
  • Fariborz Masoumi 5
  • Mohammad Mosaferi 6
1 Associate Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
2 Ph.D. Student, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
3 Expert, Border Rivers Office, Iran Water Resources Management Company, Tehran, Iran.
4 Expert, Border Rivers Office, Iran Water Resources Management Company, Tehran, Iran.
5 Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
6 Professor, Health and Environment Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Various mineral and chemical compounds entering into the reservoirs of the dams result in the consumption of dissolved oxygen in the water, which leads to the creation of numerous environmental problems. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the water quality changes in Aras dam reservoir in two stations representing the reservoir inlet and outlet during the study period of water year 1400-1401 (Iranian calendar). In this study, 16 water samples were taken from the inlet and outlet during eight stages and the quality parameters of the water were analyzed. The results indicated that Aras Dam acts as a sedimentation unit. According to the results, the maximum total amount of coliform, BOD5, nitrate and heavy metals including lead, arsenic and cadmium is 18000 (MPN/100ml), 9, 0.008, 0.03 and 0.01 mg/liter, respectively. Also, the average amount of EC at the inlet and outlet of the dam was estimated as 1279.3 and 1396.4 µs/cm, respectively. The increase in EC can be caused by the effect of evaporation as well as the entry of polluting currents. LSI and RSI indexes were used to evaluate the tendency of water for scaling and corrosion. According to the obtained results, scaling is the dominant phenomenon for the reservoir water.  Finally, the  index was used to determine the water quality status in Aras Dam reservoir. According to this index, the water quality status in this reservoir lies in the category of medium to relatively bad.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Water Pollution
  • WQI
  • Deposit
  • Dam Reservoir
  • Northwest Iran
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